Air Traffic Control System (ATC)

The majority of nations of the actual planet these days have established airspace, air
traffic units, and also air traffic services in order to promote a safe, orderly,
plus expeditious flow of traffic. Furthermore, throughout the interest
of standardization, countless nations are establishing systems
according in order to the practices and suggested practices
adopted by the actual International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO). Navigators should recognize what these air traffic
services are generally and even how they is chosen.
• Air Traffic Service-a general term referring to any
of the actual following services:
• Air Traffic Control (ATC)-a service provided
by ground agencies to prevent collisions not to mention to
expedite and also maintain an orderly flow of traffic.
ATC includes such services as area and also en route
control, approach control, not to mention tower control. It happens to be
selected primarily below instrument flight rules (IFR).
• Advisory Service-provided with give air
details that is beneficial for the particular safe and even
efficient conduct of flight. This service typically is
generally associated with the visual flight rules
(VFR) environment and in addition involves such services
as weather conditions, location of acknowledged traffic,
status of navigational aids (NAVAID), and even status
of airports not to mention facilities.
• Alerting Service-a service provided with notify
applicable organizations regarding aircraft within
need of search and even rescue aid as well as in order to aid such
organizations because required.
• Airspace-when it has been determined that air
traffic services happen to be to be provided, portions of
the particular airspace usually are tailored within relation in order to the air
traffic services that happen to be needed. Consult Flight
Information Publication (FLIP) for an in-depth
explanation of airspace.
• Air Traffic Service Units-provide the actual air traffic
service within defined airspace.
• Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC)-
provides ATC in order to IFR flights within controlled
airspace.
• Approach Control-provides ATC to aircraft
arriving at or simply departing from it or alternatively more airports.
• Airport Control Tower-provides ATC service
for airport traffic.
• Flight Service Station (FSS)-operated by
the particular Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to
provide flight assistance service.
• International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO)-establishes international rules for ATC,
the actual ICAO was formed throughout April 1947. ICAO is
affiliated with the United Nations because a specialized
international body dealing with aviation matters.
The actual member states (refer with flight info
publications (FLIP) General Planning (GP)) of the actual
ICAO) subscribe in order to ICAO rules not to mention procedures.
Many of these rules plus procedures are generally selected except for
national deviations, that are generally usually filed with
ICAO. Since standardization within ICAO is based
upon the actual same technical principles and also policies
that are in actual impact in the continental United
States (CONUS), American airmen could fly all the
major routes following the particular same general rules of
the air, and also governed by the actual same traffic control
service with that they are really familiar at house.
• Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)-
the actual United States typically is a member of ICAO plus
follows ICAO practices. Deviations from ICAO
standards happen to be filed with ICAO. The particular FAA can be
responsible for air traffic services within the United
States and also its possessions according in order to the particular Federal
Aviation Act of 1958, which consolidated all air
traffic regulatory agencies underneath the control of
the FAA. Some of the responsibilities of the particular FAA
include:
1. Operates the ATC system within the actual United
States airspace.
2. Establishes and also ensures compliance with
Title 14 of the actual Code of Federal Regulations
(14 CFR), that typically is binding found on the entire
aviation community.
3. Issues certificates in order to aircrew members,
maintenance personnel, not to mention control tower
operators.
4. Investigates aircraft accidents.
5. Maintains communication stations and
conducts flight checks on NAVAIDs.